23 citations,
June 2014 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Glyoxylic acid is a safer alternative to formaldehyde for hair straightening and effectively changes hair structure.
November 2022 in “International journal of trichology” Glyoxylic acid straighteners cause more protein loss but have similar hair strength effects as traditional alkaline straighteners.
13 citations,
March 2017 in “Skin Research and Technology” Formaldehyde damages curly hair more than glyoxylic acid.
4 citations,
January 2021 in “Skin appendage disorders” Hair straightening can damage hair and pose health risks, including exposure to carcinogens and hair loss.
3 citations,
June 2019 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” Lower pH straighteners change hair more but weaken it.