August 2026 in “European Journal of Endocrinology” This study found that individualized GAHT regimens, including microdosing, effectively improved gender congruence and quality of life for non-binary individuals, but some experienced a decrease in bone mineral density.
28 citations
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October 2018 in “Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology” This study suggests that gender-affirming testosterone therapy in transgender men is generally safe and effective with adequate screening and monitoring, although high-quality long-term studies are lacking.
2295 citations
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August 2012 in “The international journal of transgenderism/International journal of transgenderism” This publication reviews the World Professional Association for Transgender Health's Standards of Care for supporting transgender and gender nonconforming people, with adjustments needed for diverse global contexts and no new clinical results.
February 2021 in “Journal of nursing education and practice” This study found that while kidney transplant recipients generally reported good quality of life on immunosuppressive therapies, women experienced more distressing symptoms and lower satisfaction compared to men.
February 2024 in “Hormones” This study surveyed individuals seeking estrogen-based gender-affirming hormone therapy, revealing that improving life satisfaction and femininity are top treatment goals, and highlighting the need for trials aligned with community priorities.