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Glossary Exocuticle

layer in arthropods providing structural strength and rigidity

The exocuticle is a layer of the cuticle found in arthropods, such as insects and crustaceans. It is located beneath the outermost layer (epicuticle) and above the endocuticle. The exocuticle provides structural strength and rigidity due to its high content of chitin and proteins that are often hardened through a process called sclerotization. This layer is crucial for the protection and support of the organism's body.

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research Characterization of the exocuticle a‐layer proteins of wool

34 citations , September 2007 in “Experimental Dermatology”

This study found that the outer protein layer of Merino wool is rich in sulfur-containing proteins similar to those found in both sheep wool and human hair.

research Degradation of Hair Surface: Importance of 18-MEA and Epicuticle

25 citations , May 2019 in “Cosmetics”

This paper reviews the surface degradation of hair and describes how combining 18-MEA with specific surfactants can maintain hydrophobicity on bleached and weathered hair surfaces.

research Degradation of Human Hair by Papain

75 citations , November 1965 in “Textile research journal”

This study found that papain/bisulfite disintegrates human hair cuticles by dissolving the endocuticle, potentially accelerated by ethanol's removal of cell membrane material.

research Ultrastructural Localization of S100A3, a Cysteine-rich, Calcium Binding Protein, in Human Scalp Hair Shafts Revealed by Rapid-freezing Immunocytochemistry

40 citations , April 1999 in “Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry”

In this study, the researchers identified the specific subcellular localization of the protein S100A3 in the endocuticle and cortex of human hair shafts.

research An Electron Microscopy Study of Keratin Degradation by the Fungus Microsporum gypseum in vitro

30 citations , April 2009 in “Mycoses”

This study found that the fungus Microsporum gypseum enzymatically degrades keratin in human hair, with the sequence of degradation reflecting the keratinization and cystine content of individual hair components in vitro.

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