October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” In this retrospective study, among transfeminine patients aged 19-81 receiving gender-affirming estrogen therapy, 100% achieved testosterone suppression without anti-androgens when serum estradiol exceeded 100pg/mL, predominantly using injectable estrogen.
May 2021 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” This study found that estradiol transdermal patches helped many MTF patients achieve target estrogen levels, especially those who could not reach these levels with oral therapy and those at higher thrombotic risk.
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December 1994 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” This study concluded that a regimen of transdermal estradiol and oral medroxyprogesterone acetate effectively reduces hirsutism while minimizing side effects in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
May 2021 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” This case report details a diagnosis of adult-onset isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in a 23-year-old African American female, highlighting its genetic basis and treatment approach.
46 citations
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January 2008 in “Climacteric” Randomized trials reported that testosterone therapy improved sexual function in postmenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder, particularly those who had undergone oophorectomy, with reversible and well-tolerated side effects.