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GlossaryFreckles (Ephelides)

small, flat, brownish skin spots from increased melanin production

Freckles, also known as ephelides, are small, flat, brownish spots on the skin that typically appear on sun-exposed areas. They result from an increase in melanin production and are more common in individuals with lighter skin tones. Freckles are generally harmless and can become more pronounced with sun exposure.

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research Pregnancy and the Skin

36 citations, April 1990 in “Dermatologic Clinics”

Most pregnant women experience skin changes like darkening and stretch marks, and some may have skin conditions that usually get better after giving birth.

research Anatomic Location of Primary Melanoma: Survival Differences and Sun Exposure

27 citations, April 2019 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

Where melanoma is on the body affects survival chances; melanomas on the back of the head are worse, while those on thighs and arms are less severe, and more sun exposure might improve survival.

research Melanin Pigmentary Disorders: Treatment Update

84 citations, April 2005 in “Dermatologic Clinics”

Treatments for melanin disorders exist, but more effective options needed.

research Gonads

November 2013 in “John Wiley & Sons, Ltd eBooks”

The document concludes that accurate diagnosis of male and female gonadal disorders is crucial for effective treatment and better patient outcomes.

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