March 2005 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Higher levels of IL-1a and IL-1RA were found in severe alopecia areata cases.
August 2025 in “Kuban Scientific Medical Bulletin” Personalized treatment considering atopic status and cytokine profiles may help in managing pediatric alopecia areata.
July 2025 in “The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine” Certain immune responses may cause ongoing COVID-19 symptoms like fatigue and brain fog.
December 2020 in “Journal of Endocrinology and Reproduction” Certain inflammatory molecules and leptin may contribute to hair loss in cicatricial alopecia.
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August 2015 in “The journal of allergy and clinical immunology/Journal of allergy and clinical immunology/The journal of allergy and clinical immunology” Alopecia areata involves immune activation in the scalp, suggesting treatments targeting TH1, TH2, and IL-23 pathways.