30 citations
,
January 2014 in “Journal of Controlled Release” This method is effective for needle-free HIV-1 vaccination by activating immune responses in the skin.
December 2013 in “Pump Industry Analyst” The method effectively delivers vaccines through the skin without needles.
316 citations
,
June 2004 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Microspheres about 1.5 micrometers in size can best penetrate hair follicles, potentially reaching important stem cells.
97 citations
,
September 2011 in “British Journal of Dermatology” The human hair follicle can store topical compounds and be targeted for drug delivery with minimal side effects.
17 citations
,
August 2019 in “Frontiers in Immunology” Non-invasive methods show promise for diagnosing skin diseases like psoriasis and lupus but need more research for regular use.