May 2026 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” This study found that repeated exposure to ozonated water caused oxidative changes in hair proteins, lipids, and pigments, leading to altered hair properties, with minimal effects on shine and color.
January 1996 in “대한피부과학회지” This study found that permanent dye application causes initial swelling and subsequent degradation of the hair cuticle, with recovery taking more than 8 weeks to approach pre-treatment conditions.
September 2025 in “Sahel Journal of Life Sciences FUDMA” This study reported that albino Wistar rats exposed to chemical hair straighteners showed significant hair fiber damage and scalp skin deterioration, which worsened with repeated and prolonged application, highlighting the cytotoxic potential of these products and potential systemic risks.
January 2014 in “한국미용학회지” This study observed that long-term UV-A exposure and semi-permanent dye treatment can cause significant structural damage to human hair, particularly affecting the cuticle and cortex layers.
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August 2019 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America” Pollution exposure speeds up hair damage.