72 citations,
December 2018 in “Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B Molecular and Developmental Evolution” Corneous beta-proteins evolved uniquely in reptiles and birds, forming scales, claws, beaks, and feathers.
17 citations,
August 2014 in “The Anatomical Record” Scaffoldin helps form hard skin structures in chicken embryos.
5 citations,
January 2022 in “Scientific reports” The research identified two types of keratinocytes in chicken scales: one for hard scales and another for soft skin, with similarities to human skin differentiation.
February 2025 in “Animals” Understanding proteins in skin structures like claws and hair is crucial for future research.
May 2025 in “Journal of Developmental Biology” Jawless vertebrates have teeth proteins similar to those in mammalian hair and nails.