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This review provides an overview of the molecular evolution of corneous beta-proteins in reptiles and birds, highlighting their distinct genetic origin and role in epidermal structures, but reports no new results.

This study identified the distribution of keratin-associated proteins during cornification in the epidermis of reptiles, revealing unique structural characteristics in sauropsid keratin proteins compared to other vertebrates.

The researchers reported that scaffoldin, a protein identified in chicken embryos, likely plays a role in forming periderm granules and contributes to the soft cornification of embryonic epidermis.

This study identified distinct gene expression programs in keratinocytes responsible for forming hard scales and soft interscale epidermis in chickens, revealing conserved differentiation genes similar to those in human skin.

Cornification evolved from keratinization in vertebrates, with differences between mammals and sauropsids.