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    GlossaryTGF-beta signaling (TGF-beta pathway)

    cellular communication process regulating growth, differentiation, and immune responses

    TGF-beta signaling, or Transforming Growth Factor-beta signaling, is a cellular communication process that regulates various biological functions, including cell growth, differentiation, and immune responses. This pathway involves the binding of TGF-beta proteins to specific receptors on the cell surface, which then activate intracellular molecules called SMADs to transmit signals to the nucleus, influencing gene expression. This pathway is crucial in maintaining tissue homeostasis and has implications in conditions like cancer, fibrosis, and alopecia.

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