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This review summarizes recent advances in understanding intermediate filament structure and their implications for pathological mutations and human diseases, but it reports no new experimental results.

Keratin heterodimers are preferred for their specific and structural advantages.

Oxidation changes the structure of hair protein filaments, causing them to compact and rearrange.

This study demonstrated that molecular dynamics simulations of keratin could effectively model the mechanical properties of hair, aligning well with experimental data, especially when conducted in vacuum conditions.

A common mutation in the hHb6 gene is linked to monilethrix, but other factors may also play a role.