53 citations,
November 1997 in “Journal of Forensic Sciences” Darker hair in guinea pigs holds more codeine than lighter hair.
63 citations,
August 1996 in “Forensic Science International” Cosmetic treatments like bleaching and perming can greatly reduce opiate levels in hair, possibly leading to false-negative drug tests.
14 citations,
January 1996 in “Journal of Forensic Sciences” Hair can absorb and transfer opiates when soaked in water, with damaged hair absorbing more.
February 2025 in “Drug Testing and Analysis” All samples tested negative for banned substances, ensuring competition integrity.
48 citations,
July 1996 in “Human & Experimental Toxicology” Human enzymes can detoxify harmful substances but might also increase their cancer risk.