19 citations
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February 2016 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” CD3+ T-cell presence is a reliable marker to tell apart alopecia areata from pattern hair loss.
April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Higher PD-1 levels are linked to fewer immune cells in hair follicles in alopecia areata.
13 citations
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February 1995 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” Gamma/delta T cells help defend skin against heavy metals.
October 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Pemphigus vulgaris involves specific immune cells and B cells that produce antibodies causing skin blisters.
3 citations
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May 2018 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” Biopsy can differentiate between alopecia areata and androgenic alopecia, and if more information is needed, testing for CD3 and CD8 can help.