Results are not reported in this abstract, which notes that while Janus kinase inhibitors like baricitinib show therapeutic benefits for alopecia areata, the mechanisms and reliable predictors of response remain unclear.
65 citations
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December 2015 in “Experimental dermatology” This study found that both Th1 and Th2 immune responses, along with IL-23 and IL-32 cytokine pathways, are active in alopecia areata lesions, and corticosteroid injections significantly altered these immune markers.
58 citations
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July 2018 in “Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology” Alopecia areata severity is linked to increased TH1 and TH2 activity.
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September 2025 in “Frontiers in Immunology” This study reviewed the expression of chemokines in patients with alopecia areata, finding elevated Th1 and Th2 chemokine levels, suggesting a complex immune profile that may require broad immunomodulatory strategies to address the disease's underlying immune dysregulation.
August 2025 in “Dermatology and Therapy” This study conducted a meta-analysis of gene expression data from alopecia areata patients, identifying 5109 differentially expressed genes and highlighting enriched pathways like JAK-STAT signaling, providing insights into the disease's pathogenesis and potential treatment targets.