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Results are not reported in this abstract, which notes that while Janus kinase inhibitors like baricitinib show therapeutic benefits for alopecia areata, the mechanisms and reliable predictors of response remain unclear.

Alopecia areata severity is linked to increased TH1 and TH2 activity.

This study reviewed the expression of chemokines in patients with alopecia areata, finding elevated Th1 and Th2 chemokine levels, suggesting a complex immune profile that may require broad immunomodulatory strategies to address the disease's underlying immune dysregulation.

This study found that both Th1 and Th2 immune responses, along with IL-23 and IL-32 cytokine pathways, are active in alopecia areata lesions, and corticosteroid injections significantly altered these immune markers.

In this study, blocking the CXCR3 receptor in mice prevented the development of alopecia areata by inhibiting the accumulation of specific T cells in the skin, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach for humans.