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This study found that Aire‒/‒ mice spontaneously developed persistent AA-like lesions, highlighting a potential role for AIRE in hair follicle biology and pathogenesis of alopecia areata.

This study demonstrated that AIRE-deficient rats exhibit key symptoms of APECED, making them a relevant model for exploring potential treatments.

This study investigated the impact of the JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib on APS-1 patients, reporting that treatment decreased excessive T-cell-derived interferon-γ, normalized inflammatory markers, and led to remission of several autoimmune symptoms without serious adverse effects.

This study found that T-regulatory cells, specifically the FOXP3 CD39 subset, were significantly reduced in both circulation and hair follicles of alopecia areata patients compared to healthy subjects, suggesting potential therapeutic targets.

This study found that AIRE, a usually nuclear protein, is expressed in the cytoplasm of human epidermal and follicular keratinocytes and associates with the intermediate filament protein cytokeratin 17, potentially impacting ectodermal abnormalities in APECED syndrome.