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This study found that human hair follicles can function like a peripheral hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, synthesizing cortisol in response to corticotropin-releasing hormone and adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation.

This case series highlights the risk of iatrogenic Cushing syndrome and adrenal insufficiency among immigrant patients using over-the-counter medications from other countries, which often contain hidden glucocorticoids marketed as vitamins, prompting clinicians to perform thorough medication histories for accurate diagnosis and management.

This review discusses sex differences in the neuroendocrine response to stress, focusing primarily on rodent studies, and highlights open questions about the roles of gonadal hormones and sex chromosomes.

This study found that stress hormones, particularly CRF, can inhibit hair growth and induce hair loss by affecting human dermal papilla cells and hair follicles, suggesting a functional HPA axis in these cells.

This study concluded that qiviut cortisol can be used as a measure of HPA axis activity in muskoxen, with hair growth phase and body region affecting cortisol levels.