February 2020 in “Journal of Physics Conference Series” This study found that laser hair removal is optimal for light to moderate skin tones using 10-15 J/cm² at 755 nm and for dark skin with 4.5-10 J/cm² at 755-1064 nm.
9 citations
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November 1999 in “Annals of Plastic Surgery” This study found that ruby laser hair removal causes microscopic epidermal damage but does not lead to cellular hyperproliferation, unlike ultraviolet-irradiated cell damage.
10 citations
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July 2021 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” This study reported that larger caffeine nanocrystals, at 694 nm, increased caffeine bioavailability via transfollicular penetration compared to smaller nanocrystals, especially in long-term serum concentration measurements.
82 citations
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May 2005 in “Dermatologic therapy” This review highlights advancements in hair laser removal technologies, which achieve approximately 75% hair reduction in light-skinned individuals, noting the long-pulsed Nd:YAG laser as safest for dark-skinned patients, but reports no new results.
4 citations
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April 1999 in “Dermatologic Clinics” This study found that the long-pulsed ruby laser effectively delays hair growth and has the potential for permanent hair removal with minimal pain and side effects, offering an advantage over traditional hair removal methods.