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This review reports that while anti-androgen therapy can improve hair loss in up to 50% of women with androgenetic alopecia, it typically only slows the rate of loss rather than promoting new growth.

This review found that women with idiopathic hirsutism may have increased 5α-reductase activity, as indicated by elevated levels of a dihydrotestosterone-reduced metabolite, but more research is needed to confirm its clinical relevance as a biomarker.

This study found that women with female pattern androgenic alopecia have significantly higher levels of certain androgens and androgen sulfates compared to normal premenopausal women, suggesting markers for diagnosis and treatment efficacy.

In this study, researchers developed a sensitive LC–MS–MS assay to measure 3α-androstanediol levels in rat plasma and observed that testosterone raises these levels via a 5α-reductase pathway.

This study suggests that in women with androgenic alopecia and men with premature balding, enhanced 5α-reductase activity and altered androgen conjugation, favoring sulfurylation, may be involved in scalp hair loss.