25 citations
,
March 2004 in “Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology” Using testosterone-stimulated weanling rats can effectively replace castrated rats for anti-androgen testing, reducing animal stress.
2 citations
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June 2025 in “Drug Testing and Analysis” This study found that after application of a testosterone cream containing 17α-methyltestosterone and testosterone propionate, these compounds could be detected in dried blood spots up to 97 hours post-application, potentially leading to sample contamination during fingertip puncture.
37 citations
,
December 2003 in “Reproductive Toxicology” The researchers reported that the rat Hershberger assay reliably detected endocrine-disrupting effects of finasteride, procymidone, and 17α-methyltestosterone, validating the assay's sensitivity for identifying hormonal activity.
15 citations
,
October 2010 in “Archives of Toxicology” This study found that the yeast androgen screen (YAS) could detect the activity of methyltestosterone in urine for a longer period than classical GC/MS, potentially identifying long-lasting metabolites.
26 citations
,
February 2009 in “Drug Development Research” This article reviews the potential neuroprotective effects of 17α‐estradiol in neurodegenerative diseases and highlights its possibly lower toxicity compared to more feminizing hormones, but it reports no new clinical findings.