Ultrafast Mid-IR Laser Scalpel: Protein Signals of the Fundamental Limits to Minimally Invasive Surgery

The study explored the use of a Picosecond IR Laser (PIRL) for minimally invasive surgery, demonstrating its ability to cut tissue with minimal collateral damage compared to conventional surgical lasers and mechanical tools. In experiments with CD1 mice, the PIRL laser produced wounds with significantly less surrounding tissue damage and narrower scars. The wounds also showed higher early collagen levels, suggesting faster maturation, and more viable cells, indicating reduced cellular damage. Additionally, the PIRL system resulted in lower activation of β-catenin and TGF-β signaling, correlating with smaller wound sizes and reduced cell proliferation. Overall, the PIRL laser achieved the goal of minimizing damage and scarring in surgical procedures.