The prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in a normal population according to the Rotterdam criteria versus revised criteria including anti-Mullerian hormone

The 2014 study with 447 women investigated the prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) using the Rotterdam criteria and proposed revised criteria including anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH). The prevalence of PCOS was 16.6% with the Rotterdam criteria, but when using AMH or antral follicle count (AFC) as markers, the prevalence decreased to 6.3% and 8.5%, respectively. Women with PCOS had higher BMI, obesity rates, hirsutism, and LH to FSH ratios, and significantly higher median serum AMH levels. The study concluded that AMH is a useful marker for PCOS and suggested that the Rotterdam criteria be revised to include age adjustments and validated AMH threshold levels to prevent overdiagnosis, especially in younger women. The study also noted potential selection bias and excluded hormonal contraceptive users.