Spiking Dependence of SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenicity on TMPRSS2

The review explored the role of the Transmembrane Serine Protease 2 (TMPRSS2) in the susceptibility and pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2, highlighting its critical function in facilitating viral entry into host cells. The TMPRSS2 gene, which regulates the synthesis of this enzyme, was found to have varying expression levels across different population groups, potentially explaining regional discrepancies in COVID-19 susceptibility and outcomes. The gene is highly expressed in the respiratory tract, a primary target for the virus, as well as in the gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, and prostate. The review also discussed the development of TMPRSS2 protease blockers and inhibitors as promising therapeutic options for COVID-19, with some drugs undergoing clinical trials.