A Review on PCOS: Its Causes, Symptoms, Pathogenesis and Management

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine and metabolic condition affecting approximately 116 million women worldwide. It is characterized by symptoms such as insulin resistance, increased testosterone levels, and malfunctioning ovaries. External causes include genetic factors, diet, and environmental influences, while internal causes involve insulin resistance, inflammation, hyperandrogenism, and obesity. Symptoms include irregular periods, hirsutism, acne, mood swings, weight gain, and hair thinning. The pathogenesis involves alterations in insulin secretion and excess androgen levels. Effective management of PCOS requires a focus on patient adherence to treatment.