22 citations
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March 2019 in “Environmental health” This study observed that higher childhood fluoride exposure was associated with delayed pubertal development in Mexican boys aged 10-17, with no significant effects found in girls.
3 citations
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June 2017 in “Deep Blue (University of Michigan)” This study found that prenatal exposure to fluoride and lead, as well as maternal micronutrient intake, may influence sexual maturation in adolescents in a sex-specific manner.
October 2025 in “Environment International” This study reports that prenatal and prepubertal exposure to organochlorine compounds and perfluoroalkyl substances may affect pubertal development at age 12, with observed changes in development patterns in both girls and boys, highlighting the need for further research.
54 citations
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March 2012 in “International Journal of Andrology” This study found that prenatal exposure to certain pesticides may lead to earlier breast development in girls, potentially associated with higher androgen levels.
5 citations
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July 2019 in “Nutrients” This study found that boys in Mexico City with selenium intake below the recommended dietary allowance had lower odds of progressing to advanced stages of pubertal development, while no association was observed in girls.