Primary Cilia Regulate Meibomian Glands Development and Dimensions Without Impairing Lipid Composition of the Meibum

Primary cilia, sensory organelles on cells, were found to play a role in the development of meibomian glands (MGs), which are important for eye health. The study involved genetically modified mice where the gene Ift88, crucial for cilia formation, was inactivated in MG cells. This inactivation led to enlarged MGs and dilated central ducts, along with increased lipid production, although the lipid composition remained largely unchanged. The cilia were present in early development stages but were lost in mature meibocytes, which are lipid-filled cells. Despite the changes in MG size and lipid production, the overall rates of cell proliferation and death within the glands were not affected. The research suggests that while primary cilia are not essential for MG development, they influence gland size and lipid output, making them potential targets for treating MG-related ocular surface diseases like dry eye disease.