Pathophysiology of Vitiligo

The document discussed the pathophysiology of vitiligo, highlighting that the leading theory for its cause was autoimmune in nature. It mentioned that vitiligo could arise from various factors, including genetic, oxidative stress, neural, or viral causes, all contributing to melanocyte destruction and resulting in depigmented lesions. The involvement of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells in melanocyte destruction was emphasized. Treatment approaches included phototherapy (narrowband ultraviolet B and PUVA), topical and systemic steroids, topical calcineurin inhibitors, topical vitamin D analogues, and surgical treatments.