Optimization and Characterization of <i>Cuscuta reflexa </i>Extract Loaded Phytosomes by the Box-Behnken Design to Improve the Oral Bioavailability

The study aimed to enhance the bioavailability of Cuscuta reflexa extract by developing a novel phytosomal delivery system using a hydroalcoholic extract complexed with phosphatidyl choline. The HECR-phytosome complex was optimized using a Box-Behnken design, focusing on vesicle size and entrapment efficiency. The optimized formulation showed vesicle sizes between 173.5 nm and 215.9 nm, with entrapment efficiency ranging from 52.9% to 77.2%. The formulation followed the Higuchi release model, achieving a 96.3% release of polyphenol and flavonoids in 12 hours, significantly higher than the 49.3% release from the plain extract. The study concluded that phytosomal nanocarriers could effectively increase the bioavailability of Cuscuta reflexa extract.