Hypothyroidism: Clinical Features

Hypothyroidism was characterized by a deficiency of thyroid hormones, leading to a generalized slowing of metabolic processes. In infants and children, it resulted in significant growth and mental development issues, potentially irreversible if untreated early, while in adults, most symptoms were reversible. The condition was prevalent worldwide, especially in iodine-deficient areas, with autoimmune thyroiditis and treatments for thyrotoxicosis being common causes in non-endemic regions. Clinical presentations varied by age, with infants showing symptoms like mental retardation and short stature, while adults experienced fatigue, weight gain, and hair loss, among others. The condition affected various systems, including cardiovascular, respiratory, and musculoskeletal, leading to symptoms like increased vascular resistance, muscle weakness, and joint stiffness. Early detection and treatment, particularly in neonates, were crucial for managing the condition effectively.