Application of Hydrogels as Three-Dimensional Bioprinting Ink for Tissue Engineering

The document reviewed the use of hydrogels as 3D bioprinting ink in tissue engineering, emphasizing their role in creating supportive microenvironments for tissue regeneration. It explored various bioprinting technologies, such as inkjet and extrusion, and highlighted the benefits and challenges of using natural and artificial hydrogels. Despite advancements, challenges like low mechanical strength and scaffold fidelity persisted. Innovative methods, including combining hydrogels with nanoparticles, were investigated to enhance bioink performance. The document underscored the need for further research to develop new materials and methods to meet clinical needs, particularly in bone, skin, and cardiovascular tissue engineering.