From regenerative dentistry to regenerative medicine: progress, challenges, and potential applications of oral stem cells

The document discussed the potential of oral mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and epithelial stem cells in regenerative medicine and dentistry. These cells, isolated from human oral tissues, demonstrated capabilities in tissue repair, such as forming stratified cell sheets for corneal reconstruction and esophageal ulcer repair. Various types of oral MSCs, including dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), showed promise in regenerating dental pulp, neurons, bone, muscle, and blood vessels in animal models. Despite these promising experimental results, only a few human clinical trials were underway, highlighting the need for further examination of their regenerative power and safety for clinical use.