Electrospun Nanofibers for Biomedical, Sensing, and Energy Harvesting Functions

The review highlights the advancements and versatile applications of electrospun nanofibers in biomedical technologies, sensing, and energy harvesting. These fibers are valued for their high surface area, mechanical strength, and flexibility, making them suitable for tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and IoT devices. The integration with 3D printing enhances their properties, offering new possibilities for functional materials. They are used in scaffolds for tissue engineering, wound dressings, and drug delivery systems, though concerns about nanoparticle toxicity and solvent toxicity remain. In energy harvesting, PVDF-based fibers are noted for their piezoelectric properties, suitable for sensors in medical devices and smart infrastructure. Despite challenges in production and commercialization, future research aims to improve their mechanical and functional properties and explore sustainable practices.