DP15 Syphilis: The Chameleon Disease. A Case Series of Unexpected Mimicry

This case series highlights the diagnostic challenges of secondary syphilis, a condition caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum, which can mimic other diseases due to its diverse clinical presentations. The study involved 7 patients, aged 27 to 79, with one female and six males, who presented with symptoms such as maculopapular rashes, alopecia, and systemic symptoms like fever and weight loss. Misdiagnoses occurred due to symptom overlap with other conditions, but serological testing confirmed syphilis in all cases. Treatment with benzathine penicillin G led to significant symptom resolution. The study emphasizes the importance of dermatological evaluation and serological testing in patients with unexplained rashes or systemic symptoms, regardless of sexual history, and highlights the need for clinician awareness and consideration of social determinants in managing this re-emerging disease.