Diabetes Mellitus: Interdisciplinary Medical, Surgical, and Psychological Therapeutic Approach

The document reviews an interdisciplinary approach to managing diabetes mellitus, emphasizing the complexity of the disease and the necessity for a comprehensive treatment strategy. It highlights the importance of early diagnosis and a combination of medical, surgical, and psychological therapies tailored to individual needs. The review discusses the pathophysiology of type I and type II diabetes, the role of lifestyle factors, and the impact of obesity and metabolic stress. It explores various treatment options, including insulin therapies, smart insulin delivery systems, non-insulin hypoglycemic treatments, and surgical interventions like gastric bypass. Psychological support, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy and motivational interviewing, is crucial for improving treatment adherence and patient outcomes. The document underscores the need for a holistic approach to enhance the quality of life for individuals with diabetes, noting the challenges of late diagnosis and the increasing global prevalence of the disease.