Changes in Claw and Limb Health and Hair Cortisol Concentration of Dairy Cows During Transition from Tie-Stall to Free-Stall Housing

The study assessed claw health, carpal and tarsal lesions, and stress levels in a herd of 57 dairy cows transitioning from tie-stall to free-stall housing. Over 14 months, the prevalence of digital dermatitis remained high (49% initially, 46% at the end), while heel horn erosions increased from 14% to 100%. Carpal and hock lesions significantly decreased in the free-stall barn, likely due to more comfortable lying surfaces. Hair cortisol levels were higher during and after the transition, indicating increased stress or possible washout effects. The findings underscored the importance of cow comfort and the need for ongoing claw health monitoring.