Wide Range Applications of Botulinum Toxin in Medicine: Literature Review

Botulinum toxin, known for its role in aesthetic medicine to reduce wrinkles, is also widely used in various medical fields due to its ability to cause flaccid muscle paralysis. Beyond its registered uses for conditions like overactive bladder, spasticity, and headache prevention, it is frequently employed off-label in urology, neurology, ophthalmology, gastroenterology, dermatology, gynecology, otolaryngology, dentistry, and psychiatry. This review highlights the toxin's versatile applications, mechanism of action, and the importance of understanding its adverse events and contraindications.