Biological Decomposition of Hair Keratin During Composting

The study explores the composting of human hair waste, which is resistant to biodegradation, using various organic materials and Bacillus subtilis inoculation to enhance degradation efficiency. Over six months, parameters like moisture content, organic carbon, nitrogen content, C/N ratio, and temperature were monitored. Results showed that Bacillus subtilis inoculation led to a more significant reduction in the C/N ratio and enhanced nitrogen release, indicating improved compost quality. Scanning Electron Microscopy confirmed progressive keratin degradation in hair. However, the compost temperature remained below 33℃, limiting the composting rate and final quality. The study concludes that bacterial augmentation improves hair degradation and nutrient availability, suggesting its potential in sustainable waste management for keratin-rich materials.