1 citations
,
June 2021 in “Preprints.org” This study demonstrated that hair relaxers containing common chemicals significantly reduced cell viability and increased apoptosis in human skin cells, suggesting potential toxicity that could be assessed with advanced in vitro technologies rather than animal testing.
31 citations
,
November 2003 in “Journal of Occupational Health” This study found that the reproductive function of female hairdressers may be negatively affected by long-term exposure to permanent-waving solutions containing thioglycolic acid, raising concerns about its potential carcinogenic effects.
January 2025 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” This study found that citric acid treatment can significantly improve the structural integrity and mechanical properties of chemically treated hair, reducing damage by increasing keratin crosslinking density and decreasing crystallized calcium soaps, with varying effectiveness depending on the type of chemical treatment.
February 2026 in “Journal of Craniofacial Surgery Open” This narrative review outlines the biological costs of hair extensions, such as traction leading to hair loss and scalp issues, and suggests a prevention-focused model involving risk assessment, surveillance, and tiered therapies to minimize alopecia risk and maintain scalp health.
4 citations
,
October 2009 in “Saengmyeong gwahag hoeji/Saengmyeong gwahak hoeji” This study found that purified wood vinegar may promote hair growth in mice without toxicity, suggesting its potential use in treating baldness or alopecia.