Research Progress on the Pathogenesis of Androgenetic Alopecia

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a prevalent, non-scarring hair loss condition that significantly affects individuals' self-esteem and quality of life. Current treatments, such as topical minoxidil and finasteride, are not effective for all patients, highlighting the need for a deeper understanding of AGA's mechanisms. The pathogenesis of AGA is complex, with genetic factors playing a crucial role in individual variability. Key contributors include increased 5-α reductase and androgen receptors in hair follicles, microinflammation, oxidative stress changes, loss of hair follicle stem cells, and metabolic syndrome. This review emphasizes the need for further research to develop more effective treatments.