Alopecia Areata: A Review

January 2026 in “ International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science ”

alopecia areata autoimmune condition nonscarring hair loss telogen follicles inflammatory lymphocytic infiltrate peribulbar region corticosteroids AA

TLDR Alopecia areata causes patchy hair loss and is often treated with corticosteroids.

Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune condition causing nonscarring hair loss, primarily affecting the scalp with solitary or multiple patches. The exact etiology and pathogenesis remain unknown, but histopathology shows increased telogen follicles and inflammatory lymphocytic infiltrate in the peribulbar region. Corticosteroids are the most commonly used treatment. This review details the mechanisms, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of AA.

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