Advanced Research on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex condition characterized by irregular menstrual periods, elevated androgen levels, and potential infertility, with significant reproductive and metabolic implications. It can also increase the risk of obesity, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and endometrial cancer. Diagnosing PCOS can be challenging, especially within the first two years after menarche, due to overlapping symptoms with normal pubertal changes. Diagnosis typically requires two of the following three criteria: lack of ovulation, high androgen levels, and the presence of ovarian cysts, which can be detected via ultrasonography. Treatment options include lifestyle changes, birth control pills, metformin, anti-androgens, and other acne treatments and hair removal techniques. September is recognized as PCOS awareness month to raise awareness and promote early diagnosis and treatment, which can mitigate the risk of serious complications associated with the condition.