Actinic Keratosis: Risk Factors, Clinical Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Aspects. Part I

Actinic keratosis (AK) is a skin condition caused by prolonged sun exposure, characterized by the proliferation of atypical keratinocytes. It can result in spontaneous remission, remain stable, or progress to squamous cell carcinoma. Risk factors include age, fair skin, light-colored eyes, outdoor activities, and androgenetic alopecia. AK typically appears on sun-exposed skin as dry, rough, sometimes crusty lesions with an erythematous base and is often associated with other signs of photoaging. Diagnosis is usually clinical, sometimes aided by dermoscopy, and biopsy is recommended if malignancy is suspected. Treatment aims to prevent malignancy and alleviate symptoms, using methods like curettage, cryotherapy, topical drugs, and photodynamic therapy. National guidelines vary on the necessity of routine treatment and follow-up, which can burden healthcare providers. This document provides comprehensive information for healthcare professionals on AK's epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment.