Advances in 3D Printing for the Repair of Tympanic Membrane Perforation: A Comprehensive Review

This review explores the use of 3D printing for repairing tympanic membrane perforation (TMP), a common otolaryngological condition. It evaluates the benefits and drawbacks of 3D printed and bioprinted grafts compared to traditional autologous materials and other tissue engineering options. The article emphasizes the clinical significance and future potential of 3D printing in TMP repair, noting the scarcity of reviews focused specifically on this application. It calls for more detailed analysis on selecting bio-inks that combine biopolymers, cells, and drug molecules for effective TMP repair.