What pigments are used in scalp micropigmentation?

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Most providers claim that the pigments are organic and vegan (50% of providers), derived from natural sources and free from animal products. They also assert that the pigments are specifically formulated (50% of providers) for scalp micropigmentation, tailored to the procedure's unique requirements. About half of the clinics state that the pigments are from top brands (45% of providers) or are of the highest quality, indicating a focus on premium materials. About half also advertise pigments guaranteed not to change color (41% of providers) over time — a commercial promise from the seller rather than a tested property of the pigment. A few clinics say the opposite, that some pigments may change color over time (5% of providers), and fading or a shift in tone is the more commonly reported outcome. About a quarter of providers state that the pigments are safe and have no side effects (27% of providers). No injected pigment can honestly be described that way. Reports on tattooing and permanent makeup describe allergic and granulomatous reactions, infection, and pigment spreading under the skin, and the US Food and Drug Administration states that no colour additive is approved for injection into the skin. If you have reacted to tattoo ink, hair dye or cosmetics before, ask the clinic for a patch test and speak to a doctor or dermatologist first. Additionally, about a quarter mention that the pigments are carbon-based (23% of providers), commonly used for natural-looking results; carbon-based pigment is "organic" only in the chemistry sense, which sits awkwardly with the "derived from natural sources" description above. Furthermore, about a quarter claim that the pigments do not contain harsh chemicals (23% of providers), though a few concede that some pigments may contain harsh chemicals (5% of providers), presenting another area of divergence. A minority of providers note that the pigments fade naturally to a lighter shade (18% of providers) over time, which can be desirable for a subtle appearance as the treatment ages. About one in seven clinics assure clients that the pigments do not contain heavy metals (18% of providers), addressing toxicity concerns. Other minority claims include that the pigments are medical or professional grade (14% of providers), hypoallergenic (14% of providers), and imported and certified (14% of providers). These are supplier and clinic descriptions that a client cannot independently verify, and terms like "medical grade" and "hypoallergenic" have no agreed regulatory meaning for injected pigment.

What pigments are used in scalp micropigmentation?

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