21 citations
,
May 2014 in “Toxicological Sciences” This study found that skin exposure to toluene diisocyanate in mice creates immune-recognition reservoirs in the skin's stratum corneum and hair follicles, potentially leading to sensitization and allergic reactions.
17 citations
,
October 2012 in “European Journal of Pharmacology” This study found that inhaling toluene reduces core temperature in mice, with GABA receptors and neurosteroids involved at 4000 ppm, but different mechanisms contributing at 6000 ppm.
47 citations
,
June 2015 in “Contact Dermatitis” This review discusses the need for an updated 'European hair cosmetic series' to include common contact allergens and remove outdated substances based on current evidence and regulations, but it reports no new results.
16 citations
,
October 2009 in “Xenobiotica” This study found no evidence that the tested hair dye ingredients undergo hepatic metabolism to reactive oxidized metabolites in human liver microsomes and hepatocytes.
6 citations
,
January 2016 in “Indian Journal of Dermatology Venereology and Leprology” This study found that the majority of "hypoallergenic" hair dyes still triggered allergic reactions in patients sensitive to para-phenylenediamine.