3 citations
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August 2008 in “PubMed” This study found that digital perm treatments using sodium thioglycolate lotion led to the most significant reduction in protein content and greater hair damage compared to other methods and lotions.
May 2009 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” In this study, permanent waving treatments, especially those using lotion B and repeated procedures, were found to significantly damage hair protein content and physical properties.
37 citations
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October 2015 in “PeerJ” This study found that shampoo and conditioner do not alter hair's molecular structure, while perming treatments significantly affect keratin and intermediate filament structures due to bond alterations.
31 citations
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November 2003 in “Journal of Occupational Health” This study found that the reproductive function of female hairdressers may be negatively affected by long-term exposure to permanent-waving solutions containing thioglycolic acid, raising concerns about its potential carcinogenic effects.
20 citations
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July 1988 in “Clinics in dermatology” This article reviews the current practices and interpretations of research data on permanent waving and hair straightening, but does not present any new research findings.