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This article reviews the generation of complex integument patterns through genetic, chemical, and environmental influences, with applications in tissue engineering, but reports no new experimental results.

This study found that gap junctional communication influences feather patterning by modulating Turing-type activator-inhibitor systems in chicken skin, suggesting its role in propagating inhibitory signals crucial for pattern formation.

This study on feather pattern formation in chicken skin found that inhibiting gap junctional intercellular communication can lead to the emergence of new feather buds in specific spatial patterns, suggesting that GJIC may facilitate Turing-type periodic patterning by propagating inhibitory signals over long distances.

This study found that hair follicle patterning in development may arise from a combination of epidermal prepattern signals and mesenchymal self-organisation, with fibroblast growth factor and bone morphogenetic protein activities playing key roles.

In this study, researchers using the hair paradigm highlighted how periodic patterning and compartmentalization enable diverse regenerative behaviors, including region-specific renewal cycles and emergent properties like regenerative waves in organ populations.