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This study found that in alopecia areata, epidermal γδ T cells and macrophages contribute to the disease alongside CD8 T cells, with the expression of BST2 marking interferon-driven immune activation in both mouse and human skin, which decreases following treatment with the JAK inhibitor tofacitinib.

In an animal model, this study found that PEG hydrogels delivering M2 macrophage-derived exosomes effectively promoted M1 to M2 macrophage transition and enhanced wound healing.

In this study, distinct immune and cellular profiles were observed in adults with atopic dermatitis associated with high levels of Staphylococcus aureus, including increased proinflammatory T cells and markers of skin barrier impairment, pointing to potential therapeutic targets for managing these interactions.

This study found that the S. epidermidis A/C lineage is more pathogenic due to its metabolic and genomic versatility, which allows it to adapt quickly from a commensal to a pathogenic lifestyle.

This study found that alopecia areata is associated with distinct systemic and tissue immune signatures, with macrophages implicated as contributors to hair loss, suggesting potential therapeutic targeting of macrophage activity.