5 citations
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September 2009 in “Acta Ophthalmologica” This study found that the Meibomian gland shares structural and cytokeratin composition similarities with hair follicles, and plays a role in hyper-keratinisation observed in obstructive Meibomian gland dysfunction.
July 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Acne involves increased lipid production and inflammation, affecting skin cell behavior and treatment resistance.
68 citations
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May 2011 in “European Journal of Dermatology” Acne is caused by genetics, diet, hormones, and bacteria, with treatments not yet curative.
19 citations
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April 2019 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” This study found that acne lesion formation involves early hyperkeratinization and inflammation around hair follicles, creating a self-sustaining cycle that may progressively worsen acne.
78 citations
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June 2021 in “Dermatology and Therapy” This study highlights the evolving understanding of acne's pathophysiology and suggests that targeting pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-17, IL-23, and TNFα with biological antibodies may offer new treatment strategies for severe acne and its scars.