24 citations
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October 2018 in “Addiction Biology” This study found that alcohol dependence is associated with altered HPA axis functioning, with AD patients showing higher hair cortisol concentrations and reduced ACTH and cortisol levels, irrespective of childhood maltreatment history.
1 citations
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June 2023 in “Psychoneuroendocrinology” This study found that sexual trauma, particularly occurring between ages 5-7, was significantly associated with blunted hair cortisol levels, revealing a potential critical developmental stage affecting HPA axis function. No significant link was observed between cortisol reactivity and other adverse childhood experiences or stressors.
February 2026 in “Psychoneuroendocrinology” Hair cortisol concentration partly reflects HPA axis regulation but doesn't capture all its complexities.
20 citations
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November 2019 in “Biomolecules” This study found that finasteride impaired stress reactivity and reduced exploratory and impulsive behaviors in rats, potentially by altering the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis function.
197 citations
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January 2019 in “Neuropsychopharmacology” This review discusses sex differences in the neuroendocrine response to stress, focusing primarily on rodent studies, and highlights open questions about the roles of gonadal hormones and sex chromosomes.
